Cellulose-fiber product treated with a size embodying soy-bean flour and process of making the same



e to impart to cellulose,

- like condition. That is,

lustre, which use Patented Me. 29,1927.

outrun STATES P TENT 'orrlcs;

cum: DAVIDSON,

' HARRY-P. BANKS,

CELLULOSE- FIBER- PRODUCT TREATED WITH A srzr.

nucrr nnurnY, cmnLEs' N.- conn, rnvme r. LAUGKS, Aim or snATTLn, WASHINGTON, ASSIGNOBS'TO I. r. LAUCKS me, or SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, A CORPORATION or WASHINGTON.

ANDPBOCESS OF MAKING- THE SAME.

No Drawing.

manufacture, a cellulosefiber product treated with a size embodying soy bean flour,

and to the process of making the same. More particularly, our invention relates to a cellulose fiber product suchas paper andalso cotton or linen fabrics provided with a new adhesive to form a size or coating therefor, which new adhesive has soy base thereof.

' In general, there are first, engine size, i. e., where the adhesive forms a coating for every fiber, which sizing is added to the paper during its manufacture; second,surface size, which constitutes a coating for the surface to produce paper, especially fine surface paper, as for high grade wr'ting stationary; and, third, surface coat, i. e., hesive and pigment for fine half-tones and book paper; Our product may be used for these various types of sizes, and also may be used in-conjunction with talc, kaolin, whiting and the like to form coatings having a high gloss and water-resistant properties;

Furthermore, our invention may be used cottonor linen fabrics the properties of stiffness and Water resistance, as well as toincrease also includes stiffening in in ordinary laundry opthe place of starch erations.

The new material employed as the base for the size for our very much improved cellulosefiber product is soy bean flour. Wherever the term soy bean flour is used here in, it is'used to include flour as a whole, soy bean tion or all of the oil has been extracted by pressure orother means, as ground soy bean cake or meal, and also v he extracted soy bean protein which is then ground to a flourthe term soy bean flour as herein used includes the extracted soy bean protein, and junction with the other parts of the soy bean, as set forth in the analysis herein. Weobtain soy bean flour by grinding the cake after the oil has been extracted by pressure or 10% moisture,

a mixture of adtheir gloss or tein content,

soy bean ground to a from which a por- I the protein in con-..

Application filed lhiay 3,1926. Serial No. 106,543.

otherwise. The dried cake incident'to extracting of the'oil is ground to pass, ordinarily, an eighty mesh screen,

viding the soy bean flour.

and for other purposes it need not be ground.

so fine. The finer the texture of the ma-- terial it is desired to produce, the greater is the degree of dispersion of the soy bean sub-j and consequently thefiner stance necessary, must be the soy bean flour.

The flour thus prepared contains about: 5% oil, which is the natural oil of the soy -bean,45% proteins, 15% car'- bohydrates, in the ,form of sugars and starches, 5% mineral matter or ash, 5% cellulose, 15% so-called hemicelluloses, of which very little is known as far as their exact composition is concerned. They are probably very similar to pectin. 1t will'be noted, therefore, that the chief component of'soy bean flour is the protein. proportion of this protein is soluble in water, or at least disperses in water readily in the presence of the other natural components of soy bean flour. Also, a considerable proportion of the other components is soluble in water. While the valuable properties of the flour, we believe, are due largely to the proponents modify the action of the protein to a very considerably extent, and may even be responsible for much that soy bean has. While it is true that a considerable proportion of the soy bean flour is water soluble or soluble in alkaline solutions, it is rendered insoluble by the customary paper mill treatment of size, such of formalin and.

as acidification and action heat. In other words, while soluble, the. soy;

bean base herein employed for'the size is no less eficient 1n operation as a size thanfi ordinary size at fpresent in use. It ls-to be understood that the size must be precipitated and 'nsoluble when in or, coating on thecellulose her Heretofore, various EMBODYING SOY-BEAN FLOUR thereby pro- We do not how ever, wish to restrict ourselves to this par-l we feel also that the other com- A considerable of the valuable effect *Qhesives -must be dispersed in aqueous solution in and coatings on cellulose materials, such as paper and textiles, have been used, such as casein, animal glue, starch, dextrin, rosin and the like. -All of these materials, however, are relativel high priced and we have found in the soy bean not only an adhesive at least of equal value to the materials named, butone having improved qualities and at the same time being very much more economical.

In general, before the desired adhesive effect of the soy bean flour is realized, it

media. persion may either be by mechanical means, or it-may, e aided by various chemicals in Water. For example, dispersion be effected by treatment in a so-call'ed dimensions which fall within the limits of the colloid state of matter. If less mechanical work is done upon it, aid must be given bi chemical means. There are a number of c emicals which aid in the dispersion. Of all these, caustic soda is perhaps the cheapest and 'most effective in dispersing. Other sodium phosphate, sodium sulphite, sodium carbonate, etc., may be used, or combinations of sodium salts withlime, such combinations producing caustic soda when wet, may also be used. Other compounds also have dispersing effects onsoy bean flour as, for example, copper and mercury salts. Rosin, in the presence found to have very considerable dispersing effect as have'also various phenols, sulphurous and phosphoric acids. We use the word dispersingas being the accepted term among colloid chemists to denominate the effect roduced, although we do not wish to bind ourselves to any particular interpretation of the word. The effect produced is a transformation of a mealy mass when wet to a more orless smooth mass. It is generally believed that this change is due to a change in the size oftlie particles or aggregations of particles.

The choice of the means of dispersion depends on the use to which the article is to be put. For example if the size is to be used as an engine size, then it is manifest that the mixing process of the size with the paper fiber supplies violent mechanical agitation, which in and of itself operates to disperse the soy bean protein element of the flour. However, if-a manufactured sheet of paper or cloth is to be dipped in the size, pressed and ied to supply a coating or surface sizing, then it is necessary that the dispersion be more complete because there would be little orno mechanical agitation accompanying the dipping process, and also the degree of me chanical agitation, as opposed to the use of strong alkalies, will depend in use to which the part upon the particular sizing is to be of alkalies, we have put. Strong alkalies for obvious reasons not be used in sizing very delicate textiles, fabrics and papers. The choice will then fall upon the mechanical dispersion or theweaker alkali salts, or even the neutral .or weak acid agents. monia may be used where the efiect of an alkaline hydrate is desired, in sizing delicate fabrics, when it is not practical to use caustic soda or potash. Caustic lime also-has a certain dispersing tendency.

As herein indicated, water has a considerable dispersing effect, and a considerable protein is dispersed or put in solutionby the use of Water, the amount of protein so dispersed or dissolved dependthe character of ing, we liiid, largely upon the pre-treatment which the flour has had. l Vhere only a weak dispersion is necessary, admixing with water only is sufiicient.

e claim as dispersing agents any com: pound or any chemical or means of dispersing soy bean flour which renders, the soy bean flour in the desired colloidal state for use.

The use of the product which constitutes our invention in-no wise requires any different mill practice than obtains at present, i. e., our invention is one which. utilizes present mill practice to provide various eIfect-s which are obtained by calendering, such as gloss which may be imparted calenderthe sizingof present day as indicated above, the sizing may be mixed with the cellulose as in engine-mixed sizes in paper making, or the size may be first mixed with Water in a vat, and the fabrimdipped therein, or run through it continuously. the

as cotton or linen cloth or practice. Likewise,

in coating paper.

An especial advantage obtains in the use of a size embodying our invention when oils or asphalt are mixed with the aqueous dis persion of the adhesive to render the prod not more pliable. The soy beam flour has a very powerful emulsifying effect on both mineral and fatty oils, and oil to a considerable percentage may be readily incor; porated in an aqueous dispersion of the flour. This would seem to resultfrom the fact that the soy bean originally contained a considerable amount of" oils, which are extracted in the process of making the flour. Therefore, when oils are added, the flour is merely re-a-bsorbing substances similar to those which have been previously extracted.

ence, the coatings which result from applying a size having the soy bean as a base impart a very pliable character to the product.

is is almost distinct advantage inhering in our cellulose fiber product,

If aparticularly water resistant coating is desired, the treated fabric, after being impregnated with a dispersion of soy bean 'flour, or after the cellulose has adsorbed the rolls, hot presses, or inan oven.

The following examples of treatment will more definitely set forth our invention:

1. One part soy bean flour is kneaded with two parts water in the form, of a dough.

A considerable amount of mechanical workis expended in this stage. It is then dilutedwith five to ten parts water, and the rela tively thin liquid thus made forms the size.

This may be stirred with cellulose fiber, and,

p the excess water removed as in paper making. Or a sheet of paper or cloth may be dipped in the size, the excess removed, and then dried. I v

, This makes a fabric, either paper or cloth,

that repels wetting with water,- and has increased strength. By passing through hot rolls a high gloss may be obtained. This may also be used as a laundry starch. Passing a hot iron over the cloth wet with the .size gives the cloth a high degree of stiif ness and gloss, similar to the well-known laundering. process using starch.

2. One percent sodium sulphite, or sodium acid sulphiteaon the basis of the weight of soy bean flour, is added. Less mechanical work is necessary in this case. of use is similar to'that. of the first example given. a 3. One percent sodium chloride, on the basis of the weight of soy bean flour, is added. After manipulation, the method of use is practically the same as that of, Ex.

ample 1.

#4. One percent alum on the basis of the weight of the soy bean flour is added.- This makes a lighter colored size. A piece of pa er, sized with this combination and (1H d, can be immersed in water, the water wrung or squeezed out, and upon re-dryln has practically the same properties as it ha before Wetting. i

5. A mixture of soy bean flour, with one percent alum,and diluted with ten parts of water, was allowed to stand for several days, whereupon fermentation commenced. This mixture, partly fermented, was then. used as a size.

The method 6. Ten. parts soy bean Qflour, one art sodium fluoride, seventy-five parts ciiina clay or kaolin, one .hundred twenty parts .n'ater, were stirred to a-homogeneous th1ck liquid. Paper was then dipped into this,-the

excess removed, and dried by pressing with a hot iron. A smooth glossy white coat resulted. This mixture would be used for coating paper where it was desired to obtain a verysmooth surface, as, for example, in books or magazine papers.

All of the above sizes or coatings, as the case may be, either on paper or cloth were water repellent. A drop of water will stand for a conside'rabletime without penetrating the fiber. Either paper or cloth, after sizing with the above, can be written on with ink -without the ink spreading. The sizes impart a smooth feeling both to paper and cloth. The degree of gloss or lustre can be varied in accordance with well recognized mill practice.

7. A particularly goodlsize may be made of soy bean'flour as follows: 800 parts soy bean flour, 120 parts hydrated lime, 180 parts rosin, 16 parts permanganateof potash, 6O parts-sodium fluoride, parts sodium carbonate, 16 parts copper, sulphate,'dispe rsed by stirring 'with'900 parts water. This forms a strong adhesive and may be usedas 'a size.

When 180'parts"of this wet adhesive are emulsified with 20 arts China wood oil, and then applied to a 0 0th and dried, a flexible, waterproof coating or size is the result depending upon how much is a plied. such coating can'b e used on coarse abrics such-as burlap or canvas, and .fills the pores or meshes in the fabric. By varying the amount 8.' 15 parts soy bean flour, 10 parts strong aqua ammonia, 75' parts water, mixed together and digested for 30 mmutesm a closed container, at 100? C. We have found, I

when'paper was dipped into this size, and

the excess squeezed out and dried, that the dried sheets were water-resistant.

The above examples merely illustrate a few of the many ways in which soy bean flour can be 'used to secure thedesired results. We do not confine-ourselves to these particular formulae.

We claim:

of oil, greater or lessdegrees of flexibility can be secured.

A cellulose fiber product treated with a size embodying soy bean flour.

2. A cellulose fiber product treated with a size embodying dispersed soy bean. protein as a base for stud size.

3 A cellulose fiber product treated with a size embodying a soy bean protein as a da. 4: The process of making a product of treating the product with a size base, said protein being dispersed by caustic cellulose fiber having soy bean flour as a base, and passing passing the product through rolls, and applying heat to the product.

In Witness whereof, we hereunto subscribe our names this 24th day of April, 1926.

GLENN DAVIDSON. HUGH F. RIPPEY. CHARLES N. CONE. IRVING F. LAUCKS. HARRY P. BANKS.

DISCLAIMER 1,622,496'.Glenn Davidson, Hugh F. Rippey,

'Charles N. Cone, Irving F. La'aclcs,

and Harry P. Banks, Seattle, Wash. CELLULosE-FIBER PRODUCTS TREA ED WITH A SIZE EMBODYING SOY-BEAN FLOUR AND Patent dated March 29, 1927. by the assignee, I. F. Lauclca, Inc, Hereby enters this disclaimer to th SAME.

below specifically set forth, and to the- Pnocnss OF MAKING THE at "part of the said. specification as is l herein H claims hereinafter specifically set forth-and to. any interpretation of the specification or claims which possibly might be interpreted to include any of such disclaimed matter:

lf'age 1, lines 41-43, cancel the following: and also the extracted soybean protem which is, then ground to a flour-like condition. y

Page 1, line 44, cancel ,extraeted.

Page 1, line 45, cancel and the protein.

Cancel claims 2 and 3.

Disclaims any interpretation or construction of the specification or claims of the said patent which brings Within the scope or import of the specification or claims of said patent chemically isolated or chemically extracted vegetable protein.

[Oflieial Gazette September 21, 1.937.]

Disclaimer filed August 27, 1937, 

